ALU VEN NANA IPM

                B. ALU HNAH LEH A KUNG EITU RANNUNG

               1. Alu hnah eitu pangang :       chi hrang hrang a awm a, a pawimawh zualte chu Plusia orichalsea, Spodoptera exigua, Helicoverpa armigera. Heng pangang hian alu hnah an ei thin a ni.

               Alu ven dan

               (a) A tam thei ang ber pangang vaia hmeh hlum tur a ni.

               (b) Lungphur thlahtu man nan hectare khatah Pheromone thang 10, a chuklakin kam tur a ni. Tuktin pheromone thanga rannung tang chu lakchhuaha, rahhlum zel tur a ni.

               (c) Pangangin alu hnah an ei tan veleh Dimecron 40EC @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlhin alu chu kah tur a ni a, pangang tam dan azir leh alu hnah an eichhiat nasat dan azirin tum 2 tum 3 pawh ni 15 danah kah tur a ni.

   2. Keltelaimawm (Satel pian hmang ang) bial (Epilachnabeetles, Epilachna viginti octopunctato, E.ocellata.) Keltelaimawm bial leh a note (grubs) hian alu hnah hring tha lai an ei a, an eina hnu chu a pan duar thin, an tam tak tak chuan alu thar hlawklo rawk khawpin a hnah an ei nasa thei a ni. Keltelaimawm bial hi te tak te te a ni a, a eng a ni a, a note pawh a eng (yellow) a ni. An thlaah chuan chhunhan dum ( black spots) 12-28 a awm a, E.ocellata thlaah 12 a awm thung a ni.

               Alu ven dan

               (a) Alu hnah an eichhiat chu mal a, paih tur

               (b) A tam thei ang ber Keltelaimawm bial leh a note man a, hmehhlum tur a ni.

               (c) Dimecron 40EC @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh or Chlorpyriphos 20EC @ 4ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh-in alu kah tur a ni.

                C. ALU DAWTTU RANNUNG

               Heng rannung hian thosiin mihring thisen an dawt ang hian alu-a tuihnang an dawt thin a ni.

               1. Alu hrik (Aphids, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis fabae etc) Antam zika bet thup ang chi hi a ni a, alu hnah leh a zikah an bet thup a, alu an dawt thin. A tam ber chu thla neilo an ni a, thla nei an awm bawk. A nu (adult female) hian a pa (adult male) nena inpawl loin amahin a tui teuh thei a, an inthlahpung chak em em a ni. A then chuan virus natna (Potato mosaic virus) an theh darh bawk.

               Alu ven dan

               (a) Alu chi tha, thar hlawk, hrisel, natnahrik laka fihlim chauh chin tur

               (b) Thlasik alu chin tur chu a chi lin hma deuh tur a ni.

               (c) Alu hnah eng (virus natna vang) awm hmasa apiang chu pawha, halral tur a ni.

               (d) Alu hmunah alu hrik eitu khuavanglamdar (Ladybird beetle) an awm tam chuan rannung thahna hlo kah zut loh tur a ni.

               (e) Alu hrik bawrkhawm tamna alu zik chu Sih chhuma, rah hrualhrep tur a ni.

               (f) Thleng dar, a chhunglama rawng eng hnawih-ah a khatlo deuhin tui dah ila, chu chu alu hmunah hun tur a ni, tahchuan alu hrik an lo tla anga, a khat tawkin tui chu thlak tur a ni. Alu hmun zau lam azirin hmun hrang hrangah thleng chu hun tur a ni.

               (g) Mau chang 1ft a sei hi rawng eng hnawih tur a ni, chumi hnuah thil ban tat vek ila, chu chu alu hmunah, alu zik chen velah khai tur a ni, tahchuan alu hrik an tang teuh mai dawn a ni.

               (h) Alu hmunah puan ban a tam thei ang ber thlun bawk tur a ni, tahchuan alu hrik an lo tang teuh dawn a ni. A tul dan ang zelin puan ban hi thlak tur a ni.

              ( i) Dimethoate 30EC @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlhin alu chu kah tur a ni. Hei bakah hian Phorate IOG chu hectare khatah 15 kg, alu lin laiin leiah phul tur a ni.

              2. Katnelh (Leaf hoppers, Empoasca devastans). A pui (adult) leh a note (nymphs) in alu an dawt a, alu hnah a ro a, a kir a, a ngui vek thei.

               Alu ven dan(

              (a) Alu lin laiin Phorate 1 OG chu hectare khatah 15 kg, leiah phul a, alu nen rih vur nghal tur a ni.

              (b) Dimeathoate 30EC @ 2ml leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh-a alu kah tur.

               3. Maimawmte (Mites,Polyphagatorsonemus ratus) Maimawmte hi ke pariat nei a ni a, alu hnah hnuai lamah an tui a, a ken veleh alu an dawt a, a nasat chuan alu hnah chu a sen duk ruih thei a, a hnah a khawrin a vuai hnep bawk.

    II ALU NATNA CHI HRANG HRANG TE

              A. HMUAR NATNA (FUNGAL DISEASES)

              1. Alu hnah chang rau (Late blight, Phytophthora infestans) Alu hnah chang (a hnah hnuai lam) ah hian a duk hmasa thluah thluah a, a rau zui thin a, a hnah chu a thi a, a ro bawk.

              2. Alu hnah no rau (Early blight, Altemaria solani) Alu hnah no hmawr hi a duk a, a zau tial tial a, a hnah chu a ro zui thin.

              3. Alu kung vuai/thi (Fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.tuberosi) Alu tiak/ chawrno a thi a, a kung a tawih a, a kung a vuai a, a thi bawk.

              4. Alu pang dum bawl (Black Scurf, Rhizoctonia solani*_ Powdery scab, Spongospora subterranea) Alu chawrno, a kung, alu, a zung etc a tichhia. A langsar ber chu alu (tuber) pangah hian a dum bawl thut a, silfai pawlhin a dum hi a tla thei lo,alkatra kai ang mai a ni. A chang chuan alu panga bawl awm chu a nasat chuan alu chu a kaw chuk thei.

              5. Alu tawih ( Charcoal rot, Macrophomina phaseolina) Alu tiak/chawrno a thang thei lo, a tawih zui. Alu pangah thil dum bawl tak tak tam tak a bet thup thei. Hei vang hian alu chhung a dum duh hle.

              6. Alu pang khir ( Wart,_Synchytrium endobioticum) Alu zung tih loh chu natna hian a bawh vek thei, alu a tawih a, a dum a, alu pang chu a khir tlat thei.

   HMUAR NATNA LAKA ALU VEN DAN LEH ENKAWL DAN

1. Alu chi chu natna laka fihlim, hrisel tha leh thar hlawk chi a ni ngei tur a ni a, a mit a awm bawk tur a ni.

2. Lin (phum) hmain alu chi chu Mancozeb 75 WP @ 3gm leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh ah darkar chanve chiah a, lakchhuaha, dah hul tur a ni.

3. Alu chinna tur-ah chuan lei lehphut tawh hnuah Neem cake 200kg theh darh tur a ni a, acre khatah bawngek (ran ek) 400 quintals theh darh bawk tur a ni.

4. Cold storage-a alu chi tur dah chu rin nghal mai tur a ni lo, daihlimah chapa, a hnuah ni saah rei vaklo pho phawt tur a ni a, a chawr tan tihah lin tur a ni.

5. Alu hnah no leh a changrau natna(Early & Late blight) do thei,a chitha te chu heng te hi a ni.

               (a) KufriBadshah (KufriJyoti lehKufriAlankar thlahpawlh atanga a chi thar a ni), ni 100-110 chhungin a thar hmana, hectare khatah 50 tonnes a thar thei.

               (b) Kufri Jyoti [ 3069d(4)x2814 a (a)], ni 110-130 chhungin a thar thei, hectare khatah 30 tonnes a thar thei.

               (c) KufriPukhraj (Craig's DefiancexJEX/B-687Ni 70-90 chhungin a thar a, hectare khatah 40 tonnes a thar thei.

               (d) KufriSwarna (KufriJyotix (VTn) 62.33.3) Ni 130-135-chhungin a thar a, hectare khatah 48tonnes a thar thei

6. Alu hnah chang rau natna (Late blight) do thei, alu chi tha te chu heng te hi a ni.

               (a) KufriAnoad (PJ-376xOGm-1430) Ni 100-100-ah a thar, hectare khatah 35-40 tonnes a thar thei.

               (b) -1 (MEX. 750826 x Ms/78-79) Ni 90-100-ah a thar, hectare khatah 40 tonnes a thar thei.

               (c) Kufri chipsona - 2 (F-6 x QB/B 92-4) Ni 9-110 chhungin a thar, khawvawt a haw 10 (frost), hectare khatah 35 tonnes a thar thei.

               (d) Kufri Giriraj (SLB/J-132xEX/A 680-16) Ni 130-135 chhungin a thar, hectare khatah 25 tonnes a thar thei.

               (e) KufriSutlej ( Kufri Baharx KufriAlankar) Ni 90-100 chhungin a thar, hectare khatah 40 tonnes a thar thei.

7. Natnadamdawi kah:       Alu natna chi hrang hrang zingah a hnah no rau leh a hnah chang rau natna hi a hluar duh hle. Hei vang hian alu kan ching a nih chuan heng natna venna atan hian a hnuaia damdawi zinga a engemaw ber hian alu kah tur a ni.

              (a) Mancozeb 75 WP @ 2gm leh tui Ilitre chawhpawlh

              (b) Copper oxychloride @ 3gm leh tui Ilitre chawhpawlh

              (c) Metalaxyl (Ridomil MZ) @ 2gm leh tui 1 litre chawhpawlh

   BACTERIA VANGA NATNA (BACTERIAL DISEASES)

              (1) Alu kung vuai/uai (Bacterial wilt, Raistonia (Pseudomonas) solanaceorum)

               Alu kung a vuai/uai a, a zik lama a hnah a uaithlaa, a hnah a eng zui thin.

              (2) Alu kung thang thei lo leh a hnah khawr (Black leg, Erwinia caratovora pv. atroseptica)

               Alu kung chu a dum a, a chang chuan a hnah nen lam a dum vek thei. Alu a thang thei lo a, a hnah a eng a, chunglamah a khawr thin, alu thar a tlem phah nasa thei hle.

              (3) Alu pang mam lo (Scab, Streptomyces scabies)

              Alu (tuber) chu a pang a khuar a, a then lai a kaw bawk a, zaiphel chuan a chhunglam chu a eng puap bawk.

Alu ven dan

     (1) Alu hrisel lo, a kak, rawngdang kai chu a chi atan hman loh tur a ni.

     (2) Tuia alu kan sil a nih chuan tihro leh vat tur a ni. (

     3) Tui luan bo zung zung theih naah alu chin tur a ni. Tui a tlin reng theih naah chuan alu chin loh tur a ni

     (4) Alu chi lin hmain leia awm Bacterium Erwinia spp laka a him theih nan Pseudomonas putida leh alu chi chu nuaipawlh tur a ni, hei hian alu tawih lakah 50% lai a veng thei a ni.

     (5) Natna vei alu kung chu pawha, hal ral tur a ni.

     (6) Alu chin zawhah thlai dang chin ngei ngei tur a ni.

     (7) Alu chinna lei chu a thur tur a ni lo a, a pH pawh 5.0-5.5 vel tal ani tur a ni, hemi atan hian alu chi lin hmain lei lehphut tawh leh chinai thi chawhpawlh tur a ni.

     (8) Alu hmun chu a ro lutuk tur a ni lo a, a hun takah tui pek tur a ni.

     (9) Alu mamawh tawk fertilizer pek tur ani.

               C. ALU HNAH KIR LEH A HNAH ENG NATNA (VIRAL AND MYCOPLASMAL DISEASES)

Rannungin a put darh Virus natnate

     1. Alu hnah khawr (Leaf roll virus): Alanchhuah dan ber chu a tirah alu hnah no, a zik lam a mi hi a khawr vek thin a, a hnuah a hnah hnuai lam a khawr leh a, alu a thang thei lo a. He virus natna vang hian alu a tak thei lo a, alu thar 40-70% in a tlahniam thei a ni.

     2. Alu kung leh kau thi (Stem necrosis, Serogroup IV) Alu kung leh a kau a thi a, a hnah then lai a ro a, a hnah a uai thla a, a kung a dum a, a khi bawk. Thrips in he virus hi a pudarh a ni.

     3. A hnah no tlang zai zai ro or rau (Marginal flavescence, Phytoplasma) Alu hnah no tlang zai zai kha a ro a, alu a thang thei lo a, a hnah pawh a te bawk. Alu pawh a tak lo a a thar tlem thei hle.

     4. Alu thangtheilo bawrchhawr(Witches broom, Phytoplasma) Alu hnah a te a, a thang thei lo a, a bawrchhawr hle. He natna vang hian alu a tak lo hle a, te tak te te tlem te chauh a thar thei.

Hmanrua atanga virus darh thei te

     (1) Latent or Mild mosaic (Virus X) : Alu a thang thei lo a, a hnah a hring leh engin a inpawlh.

     (2) Impercaptible virrus (Virus S)zHmanraw hmanga alu hmuna darh a ni. Alu hrik (Aphids) in a pu darh thei bawk.

Rannung leh hmarua atanga in kai darh theih te

     (1) Acuba Mosaic (Virus F and G)

     (2) Vein banding severe Mosaic (Virus Y): Alu hnah a te, a then lai a ro, a hnah a uaithla, alu a thang theilo a, a thar pawh a tlem a, alu pawh a te.

     (3) Rugose Mosaic (Viruses X and Y) :_Alu hnah a eng, a thang thei lo, a hnuailam zawngin alu hnah a khawr/vial.

     (4) Super mild Mosaic (Virus A): Alu hnah a then a enga, ahnah tlang zai zai a rang a, alu a thar hma phaha, mahse a thar tlem em em thung a ni.

     (5) Crinkle Mosaic (Virus X and A): Alu hnah a eng, a khawr, alu a thang thei lo.

Alu ven dan

     (1) Virus natna laka fihlim leh virus natna do thei alu chi tha, thar hlawk chauh ching ang che.

     (2) Virus natna a hluarna hmunah chuan alu chin/lin hma loh tur.

     (3) Virus laka fihlim alu thar theih nan a bika Siam, alu chi chhuahna hmun, rannung luh theih loha thirlen Sina a bang leh a Chung hung tlat a siam theih a , a enkawltu kut leh hmanrua pawh damdawi in sifai zel tur a ni e.g. Sodium hypochloride (househlod bleach) 3%, or Trisodium phosphate 3%. A bik takin viruses zingah pawh PVX,S leh viroid (PSTVd) hi mihring kut, thawmhnaw, loneihna hmanrua, chem, chemkawm etc hian alu chi dahthatna hmun atangin alu chinna hmunah a tidarh nasa thei hle a, fimkhur a ngai hle a ni. Damdawi a awm remchan loh chuan kut leh hmanrua chu tui saa sil fai tur a ni.

     (4) Mizoram pawn atang leh India ram pawn atanga alu chi lakluh tir reng reng chu virus a ken leh ken loh enfiah hmasak ngei ngei tur a ni. Virus awmna alu chu lak luh loh tur a ni.

     (5) Virus natna tamna hmunah chuan khat deuh hleka alu chin tur a ni a, hmanrua tihfai ngun tur, alu chi lin hmain hnim tur kah tur, alu hmunah ran luh tir loh tur. Alu tual to apiang pawha paih tur.

     (6) Virus natna hluarna hmunah chuan alu chi, a par atanga an lak (True Potato Seeds) chauh chin tur a ni.

     (7) Alu hrik (Aphids) suat nan rannung thahna hlo kah tur. Amaherawhchu alu hrik hian hun reilote chhung virus a thehdarh thei a ni. Hei vang hian alu hrik tam tur ven nan chuan rannung thahna hlo kah hi a tha ve hrim hrim a ni. Rannung thahna hlo zingah Imidacloprid @ 3ml leh tui 1litre chawhpawlh in alu kah tur a ni.

   D. THLAI RULHUT LAKA ALU VEN DAN

              Alu hmunah hian thlai rulhut (Plant nematode) chi hrang hrang a awm thei a, amaherawhchu a pawimawh zual chu pahnih a awma, Chung te chu Cyst siam chi thlairulhut, Globodera spp leh alu zung tisawrbawktu Melodogyne spp te hi a ni. Heng thlai rulhut pahnih hian bawm an siama, a chhungah an tui an daha, bawm pakhatah an tui 200-600 a awm thei, hetianga an tui bawm hi "Cyst" an ti a ni. A tui bawm chu alu zungah a beta, awlsam tein a tla thei. Alu zunga a awm chhung chuan thlai rulhut tui chu a keu zung zung a, alu awm loh lai chuan kum khatah tlemte chauh a tui chu a keu thei a ni. A tui a keu veleh a note (larvae) a lo chhuaka, leiah a vaka, alu zung a pan vat thin a ni. Alu zung chu an dawt a, a lo sawrbawk ta a, alu zung chuan tui leh chaw tha a hip thei lo a, a kung a lo enga, a hnåh a tla a, a thang theilo zui thin a ni.

     (1) Ei tura alu chin chu a chi atan hman loh tur a ni.

     (2) Thlai rulhut tamnaah chuan a awm duhna bik thlai-alu, tomato, bawkbawn leh samtawk chu kum 1 danah tum khat bak chin loh tur a ni.

     (3) Thlai rulhut tamnaah chuan thlai hnephnawl leh chawhmeh chi thlai chu kui loh tur a ni.

     (4) Thlai hmun leh a sira alu tual to (amah lo to/a hli) chu pawha halral

     (5) Thlai rulhut tam naah chuan loneitu chuan a kut, a ke, pheikhawk leh hmanraua a silfai ngun tur a ni.

     (6) Alu, chin zawhah thlai dang (tomato, bawkbawn, samtawk ni lo) chin tur a ni.

     (7) Thlai rulhut do thei alu chi tha leh thar hlawk-Kufri Swarna chu thlai rulhut tamnaah chin tur a ni.

     (8) Alu tlar karah Derhken (Tagetes patula) chin tur a ni. Nipui laiin, nisat that laiin tum 3-4 lei lehphut tur a ni.

     (9) Nipui laiin nisa that laiin tum 3-4 lei lehphut tur.

     (10) Thlai rulhut tamnaah chuan thlasik alu chauh chin a tha.

     (11) Alu chi lin/phum laiin Carbofuran 3G @ 60-100 kg Chu leiah phul tur a ni a, hei hi tum 2 phulah hman tur, tum khatnaah 30-50 kg, tum hnih naah, rihvur rual in 30-50 kg dang phul tur a ni.

                    ALU VEN NANA IPM HMAN TURTE

1. Alu chi lin/phum hma leh seng/chawh hnuah leia rannung, pangang leh vual nisaa pho hlum nan phut tha tak leh thuk deuh hlekin tum 2-3 lei lehphut tur a ni.

2. Pangang a tlem theih nan alu hmun leh bial kotlanga hnim pawh/ thlawh fai tur

3. Aluchi tha, thar hlawk, natnahrik leh rannung lakafihlim, mirinawm hnen ami chauh a chi atan lei tur a ni.

4. Thlasik alu, lin hnu hi virus natna leh a hrik (aphids) lakah a him. Nipui alu, March a lin hi thlai rulhut lakah a him bawk.

5. Alu chi hrisel, 10cm a thuk a phum/lin hi pangang lakah a him. Alu lin atanga ni 30-40 a rihvur hian alu titawihtu pangang (Potato tuber Moth) tui phumna a dal a, a tangkai hle.

6. Kum 3-4 danah 10 chuan a hmun ngaiah Alu, Tomato, bawkbawn leh samtawk chin chhawk loh tur a ni.

7. Thlai hmunah alu tual to (a hli) awm apiang chu pawha, hal ral tur.

8. Thlai rulhut tam naah chuan a do thei alu chi tha Kufri Swarna chin tur a ni. Alu chin hnuah purun var, buluih, zikhlum, french been, chana leh carrot te chin tur a ni a, tichuan thlai rulhut a lo tlem ang.

9. Alu chin zawha buh, vaimim leh wheat chin hian thlai rulhut a tlem thei.

10. Alu kara Derhken (Tagetes patula) chin hian thlai rulhut a tlem thei.

11. Hmanrua-bawngtuthlawh, suahdur, chem, chemkaw, tuthlawh, power tiller leh tractor leilehna etc te tihfai that tur a ni.

12. A hun takah tui pek tur. Lei a roa, a khik hian tlumpi, pangang leh vual an nghal duh bik a ni.

13. Virus natna vei alu (a hnah kir, a hnah eng) chu pawha, hal ral tur a ni.

14. Alu chi tur chu Cold Storage ah dah ngei ni se, a nih loh pawhin a dahna tur chu fai tha tak, rannung luh theih loh a ni ngei tur a ni.

15. Pangang thlahtu (lungphurthlahtu) man nan alu hmunah Eng thang kam/chhit tur a ni.

16. Alu hmunah hnim chheh hnawk dah/siam tur a ni a, tahchuan pangang an biru anga, zingah chhehhnawk chu hai a, lehlin a, pangang awm apiang vuak hlum tur a ni.

17. Lungphur thlahtu man nan hectare khatah Pheromone thang 30-40 kam tur, tuktin rannung tla chu lak chhuaha, vuakhlum tur.

18. Alu chawh hnu (seng hnu) a daihlim/kudama dah lai hian tilduh/ Shillong par/Lantana hnah chan sawm emaw Eucalyptus hnah in emaw khuh tur a ni, hei hian alu titawihtu (Potato tuber moth) lakah alu a veng a ni. Hnah hi kar 8-10 danah a tharin thlak tur a ni. Alu hi rannung luh theih loh naah chawh hnu chuan dah tur a ni.

19. A hma ami anga tih tawh hnu pawha alu chawh tawh sa chu rannung/pangang-in a la ei tho a nih chuan rannung thahna hlo kah tur a ni.

20. Nipui laia thuk deuhhleka lei lehphut hian hnim zung, a bul bal, rannung tui etc, natna hrik nisaah a pho hlum thei a ni.

21. Alu lin laiin fertilizer mamawh ang chu hman nghal tur a ni, hetianga tih hian hnimin fertilizer a chuhpui nep a ni.

22. A tul dan azirin hlo vawi 2/3 thlawh tur a ni.

23. Alu hmunah heng a hnuai ami hnim tur eng emaw ber hi hi kah tur a ni.

     (a) Alu chi lin hma, lei lehphut tawh hnua kah tur:-

              (i) Fluchloralin @ 3mlleh tui Ilitre chawhpawlh,kah zawhah rih vur tur a ni.

              (ii) Pendimethalin @ 2 ml leh tui Ilitre chawhpawlh, kah zawhah leia rihvur tur.

     (b) Alulin tawhhnu, alu chawr chhuah hma leh hnim latiah hma a kah

              (i) 2,4-D Sodium salt @ 3gm leh tui 11tre chawhpawlh.

              (ii) Alachlor @ 3ml leh tui Ilitre cawhpawlh.

              (iii) Isoproturon @ 5gm leh tui Ilitre chawhpawlh

              (iv) Oxyflourfen @ 3 ml leh tui Ilitre chawhpawlh

24. Alu kung kara buhpawl, hnim hnah ro, lehkhakhawng chap leh polythene phah hian hnim to tur a dal a, leia hnawng awm (vapour)-a kal ral tur a veng bawk.